Joint, Bone & Mobility
Cartilage, tendons, bone density, and movement.
Ranked by evidence strength across reported benefits.
Magnesium
Essential cofactor in 300+ enzymatic reactions, from ATP production to muscle relaxation.
Vitamin D3
Steroid hormone precursor regulating ~5% of the human genome — bone, immune, and hormonal health.
Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)
Marine long-chain omega-3s — the most-studied anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular nutrient.
Ginger
Culinary rhizome with strong antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Boswellia
Anti-inflammatory resin used for osteoarthritis and IBD.
CBD (Cannabidiol)
Non-intoxicating cannabinoid studied for anxiety, sleep, and seizures.
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
Preferred form for raising 25(OH)D — the active form your skin makes from sun.
Capsaicin
Chili pepper compound that mildly increases thermogenesis and reduces appetite.
Strontium
Trace element that displaces Ca in bone and was approved (ranelate) for osteoporosis.
Potassium Citrate
Alkalinizing K salt used for kidney stone prevention and bone health.
Calcium Citrate
Best-absorbed calcium salt — does not require stomach acid.
Omega-3 (rTG form)
Re-esterified triglyceride EPA/DHA — ~70% better absorption than ethyl ester form.
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)
Plant-derived prescription D — high doses (50,000 IU) used for rapid deficiency correction.
Vitamin D3 (Maintenance)
Daily maintenance dose for non-deficient adults.
Vitamin D3 (Repletion)
Repletion dose for deficiency under medical supervision.
Strontium Ranelate (Ref)
Reference strontium salt used as anti-osteoporotic drug.
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Leafy-green K1 essential for hepatic coagulation factors.
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Activates the proteins that direct calcium into bone — not arteries.
Curcumin
Yellow polyphenol from turmeric — anti-inflammatory and joint-supportive when properly bioavailable.
Collagen Peptides
Hydrolyzed protein supplying glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline for connective tissue.
Hyaluronic Acid
Glycosaminoglycan supporting skin hydration and joint lubrication.
Soy Isoflavones
Phytoestrogens with mild SERM effects on bone, hot flashes, and lipids.
Bromelain
Pineapple proteolytic enzyme with anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic effects.
SAMe (S-Adenosyl Methionine)
Universal methyl donor with antidepressant and liver-supportive evidence.
Hyaluronic Acid (Oral)
GAG concentrated in synovial fluid — improves joint comfort and skin hydration.
Astaxanthin
Algae-derived xanthophyll — most potent natural antioxidant; UV/eye/skin support.
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Long-half-life K2 — directs calcium to bone and away from arteries.
MSM
Organic sulfur source studied for joint pain and exercise recovery.
Quercetin
Flavonoid with antihistamine and senolytic effects; pairs with bromelain or vitamin C.
MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
Bioavailable sulfur donor for joints, skin, and hair-keratin synthesis.
Marine Collagen Peptides
Hydrolyzed fish collagen — supplies glycine, proline, and bioactive di/tripeptides for skin and hair.
Krill Oil
Phospholipid-bound EPA/DHA from Antarctic krill — includes astaxanthin antioxidant.
Vitamin D3 + K2 Synergy Note
Combined fat-soluble vitamins addressing calcium destination (bone vs artery).
Calcium
Major bone mineral; also critical for muscle contraction and nerve signaling.
Manganese
Trace mineral cofactor for SOD, gluconeogenesis, and bone formation.
Glucosamine
Cartilage building block; sulfate form has evidence for OA pain reduction.
Chondroitin
Cartilage glycosaminoglycan used with glucosamine for joint support.
Krill Oil
Phospholipid-bound omega-3 with astaxanthin; better bioavailability than fish oil per gram.
Glucosamine
Amino sugar substrate for glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage.
Chondroitin Sulfate
GAG component of cartilage matrix — combined with glucosamine for OA.
UC-II (Undenatured Collagen)
Type II collagen taken at low dose for immune-mediated joint tolerance.
Boswellia Serrata
Frankincense extract with 5-LOX inhibition — robust evidence for OA pain.
Collagen + Vitamin C (Tendon Protocol)
15 g hydrolyzed collagen + 50 mg vit C taken 60 min pre-rehab — Shaw 2017 protocol.
Strontium Citrate
Mineral that substitutes for calcium in bone — controversial but increases BMD measurements.
Curcumin Phytosome (Meriva)
Phosphatidylcholine-complexed curcumin — ~29× higher bioavailability than standard extract.
Curcumin C3 + Piperine
Classic curcumin extract with black pepper extract — boosts bioavailability ~20× via UGT inhibition.
Vitamin K2 (MK-4)
Short-acting K2 form used at high dose in Japanese osteoporosis protocols.
Icariin (Horny Goat Weed)
Active flavonoid from Epimedium acting as PDE5 inhibitor.
Potassium Bicarbonate
Alkaline potassium salt that reduces bone resorption.
Manganese (Extra)
Mn cofactor for SOD2 mitochondrial antioxidant defense.
Boron (Extra)
Trace mineral that modulates steroid hormones and bone.
Choline-Stabilized Orthosilicic Acid (ch-OSA)
Highly bioavailable silica for hair, skin, and bone.
Vitamin D3 + K2
Synergistic combo for calcium routing.
Bamboo Silica
Plant-based silicon for skin and bones.
Choline-Stabilized OSA
Bioavailable silicon form.
Genistein
Soy isoflavone with bone benefits.
Boron Citrate
Boron for hormone modulation.
Cod Liver Oil
Traditional A, D, omega-3 source.
Boron
Trace mineral implicated in steroid hormone metabolism and bone integrity.
Evening Primrose Oil
Omega-6 source rich in GLA, used for atopic dermatitis and cyclical breast pain.
Boron
Trace mineral with modest effects on free testosterone and bone mineralization.
Quercetin
Flavonoid with antihistamine, anti-viral, and senolytic activity.
Silica (Silicon)
Trace element involved in collagen and connective tissue crosslinking.
Horny Goat Weed
PDE5-inhibiting flavonoid (icariin) used for libido and erectile support.
Serrapeptase
Silkworm-derived proteolytic enzyme used for inflammation and fibrin breakdown.
BPC-157
Research peptide derived from gastric protein, studied for tendon and gut healing.
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)
Synthetic thymosin β-4 fragment researched for tissue repair; not approved.
Horsetail Extract
Silica-rich herb traditionally used for hair, nail, and connective tissue support.
Calcium AEP (Membrane Calcium)
Cell-membrane-targeted form of calcium claimed for autoimmune support.