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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Mineral

Manganese

Trace mineral cofactor for SOD, gluconeogenesis, and bone formation.

Bone HealthGeneral Wellness

Overview

Trace mineral cofactor for SOD, gluconeogenesis, and bone formation.

Natural sources
  • Whole grains
  • Tea
  • Nuts
  • Leafy greens
Common forms
  • Manganese sulfate
  • Bisglycinate

Forms & variants of Manganese

Different chemical forms of Manganese behave differently. Browse each form's mechanism, bioavailability, and best-use context.

Glycinate
Manganese (Extra)

Mn cofactor for SOD2 mitochondrial antioxidant defense.

Mechanism of action

Cofactor for Mn-SOD, glutamine synthetase, and arginase.

Pathways
  • · Antioxidant defense
  • · Urea cycle

Effects on the body

Supports
Bone formation

Organ system effects

Brain & CNS

Excessive exposure causes manganism (Parkinsonian).

Evidence-based benefits

Prevents deficiency-related skeletal abnormalities

Moderate evidence

Potential side effects

Common
    Rare
      Serious
      • · Manganism with industrial exposure or TPN excess

      Drug interactions

      No notable interactions reported.

      Supplement interactions

      Pairs well with

      None listed.

      Avoid combining with

      No specific avoidances listed.

      Dosing & bioavailability

      Typical dose
      1.8–2.3 mg
      Upper safe limit
      11 mg

      Where to buy

      Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

      Mineral
      Manganese
      Amazon
      Wide selection · fast shipping
      Mineral
      Manganese
      iHerb
      Global delivery · curated brands
      Mineral
      Manganese
      Thorne
      Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

      Scientific evidence (8)

      Systematic reviewExamine.com Supplement Database · 2023

      Manganese: pharmacology, clinical evidence, and safety — narrative review

      Examine.com Research Team

      Curated narrative review of human and preclinical evidence for Manganese, including mechanism, typical dosing, and safety considerations.

      Key findings

      Best-supported outcome: Prevents deficiency-related skeletal abnormalities (evidence: moderate). Additional outcomes and limitations summarized in the full profile.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: Manganese — Prevents deficiency-related skeletal abnormalities

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "Manganese Prevents deficiency-related skeletal abnormalities" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Manganese and "Prevents deficiency-related skeletal abnormalities". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: Manganese — randomized controlled trial

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "Manganese randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Manganese and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: Manganese — meta-analysis

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "Manganese meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Manganese and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: Manganese — pharmacokinetics

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "Manganese pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Manganese and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: Manganese — safety adverse events

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "Manganese safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Manganese and "safety adverse events". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: Manganese — dose response

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "Manganese dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Manganese and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

      Google Scholar: Manganese — clinical evidence

      Live Scholar search

      Cross-database citation index for Manganese as it relates to "clinical evidence".

      Key findings

      Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

      Open study
      Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.