Bone Health
BMD and mineral balance.
Ranked by evidence strength across reported benefits.
Magnesium
Essential cofactor in 300+ enzymatic reactions, from ATP production to muscle relaxation.
Vitamin D3
Steroid hormone precursor regulating ~5% of the human genome — bone, immune, and hormonal health.
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
Preferred form for raising 25(OH)D — the active form your skin makes from sun.
Strontium
Trace element that displaces Ca in bone and was approved (ranelate) for osteoporosis.
Potassium Citrate
Alkalinizing K salt used for kidney stone prevention and bone health.
Calcium Citrate
Best-absorbed calcium salt — does not require stomach acid.
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)
Plant-derived prescription D — high doses (50,000 IU) used for rapid deficiency correction.
Vitamin D3 (Maintenance)
Daily maintenance dose for non-deficient adults.
Vitamin D3 (Repletion)
Repletion dose for deficiency under medical supervision.
Strontium Ranelate (Ref)
Reference strontium salt used as anti-osteoporotic drug.
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Leafy-green K1 essential for hepatic coagulation factors.
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Activates the proteins that direct calcium into bone — not arteries.
Collagen Peptides
Hydrolyzed protein supplying glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline for connective tissue.
Soy Isoflavones
Phytoestrogens with mild SERM effects on bone, hot flashes, and lipids.
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Long-half-life K2 — directs calcium to bone and away from arteries.
Vitamin D3 + K2 Synergy Note
Combined fat-soluble vitamins addressing calcium destination (bone vs artery).
Calcium
Major bone mineral; also critical for muscle contraction and nerve signaling.
Manganese
Trace mineral cofactor for SOD, gluconeogenesis, and bone formation.
Strontium Citrate
Mineral that substitutes for calcium in bone — controversial but increases BMD measurements.
Vitamin K2 (MK-4)
Short-acting K2 form used at high dose in Japanese osteoporosis protocols.
Icariin (Horny Goat Weed)
Active flavonoid from Epimedium acting as PDE5 inhibitor.
Potassium Bicarbonate
Alkaline potassium salt that reduces bone resorption.
Manganese (Extra)
Mn cofactor for SOD2 mitochondrial antioxidant defense.
Boron (Extra)
Trace mineral that modulates steroid hormones and bone.
Choline-Stabilized Orthosilicic Acid (ch-OSA)
Highly bioavailable silica for hair, skin, and bone.
Vitamin D3 + K2
Synergistic combo for calcium routing.
Bamboo Silica
Plant-based silicon for skin and bones.
Choline-Stabilized OSA
Bioavailable silicon form.
Genistein
Soy isoflavone with bone benefits.
Boron Citrate
Boron for hormone modulation.
Cod Liver Oil
Traditional A, D, omega-3 source.
Boron
Trace mineral implicated in steroid hormone metabolism and bone integrity.
Boron
Trace mineral with modest effects on free testosterone and bone mineralization.
Silica (Silicon)
Trace element involved in collagen and connective tissue crosslinking.
Horny Goat Weed
PDE5-inhibiting flavonoid (icariin) used for libido and erectile support.
Horsetail Extract
Silica-rich herb traditionally used for hair, nail, and connective tissue support.
Calcium AEP (Membrane Calcium)
Cell-membrane-targeted form of calcium claimed for autoimmune support.