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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Mineral

Magnesium Orotate

Magnesium + orotic acid — studied specifically in heart failure and athletic populations.

Cardiovascular HealthAthletic Performance

Overview

Magnesium + orotic acid — studied specifically in heart failure and athletic populations.

Natural sources
    Common forms

      Forms & variants of Magnesium

      Different chemical forms of Magnesium behave differently. Browse each form's mechanism, bioavailability, and best-use context.

      Parent
      Magnesium

      Essential cofactor in 300+ enzymatic reactions, from ATP production to muscle relaxation.

      Glycinate
      Magnesium Glycinate

      Chelated magnesium bound to glycine — best-tolerated form for sleep, calm, and muscle relaxation.

      Citrate
      Magnesium Citrate

      Highly bioavailable magnesium with a mild osmotic laxative effect — useful for constipation and repletion.

      Malate
      Magnesium Malate

      Magnesium + malic acid — favored for daytime energy and fibromyalgia-related fatigue.

      L-Threonate
      Magnesium L-Threonate

      Magnesium bound to L-threonic acid — the only form shown to meaningfully raise brain magnesium.

      Taurate
      Magnesium Taurate

      Magnesium + taurine — gentle on the gut with cardiovascular and glycemic synergies.

      Oxide
      Magnesium Oxide

      Cheapest magnesium salt — poor absorption (~4%) but useful as a laxative or antacid.

      Chloride
      Magnesium Chloride

      Topical and oral magnesium with good absorption — commonly used in 'magnesium oil' sprays.

      Sulfate (IV)
      Magnesium Sulfate (IV)

      Reference IV form used in eclampsia and acute asthma.

      Acetyl-taurate
      Magnesium Acetyl-Taurate

      Brain-penetrant Mg form combined with taurate for mood.

      Mechanism of action

      Orotate is a pyrimidine precursor that may enhance cardiac energetics via increased ATP/UTP pools.

      Pathways
      • · Pyrimidine biosynthesis
      • · Cardiac ATP

      Effects on the body

      Organ system effects

      Evidence-based benefits

      Improved 1-year survival in severe heart failure (small RCT)

      Limited evidence

      Improved exercise tolerance in CAD

      Limited evidence

      Potential side effects

      Common
        Rare
          Serious

            Drug interactions

            No notable interactions reported.

            Supplement interactions

            Pairs well with

            None listed.

            Avoid combining with

            No specific avoidances listed.

            Dosing & bioavailability

            Typical dose
            3,000–6,000 mg orotate (≈190 mg elemental)
            Study range
            Per study
            With food?
            With food

            Where to buy

            Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

            Mineral
            Magnesium Or…
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            Wide selection · fast shipping
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            iHerb
            Global delivery · curated brands
            Mineral
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            Thorne
            Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

            Scientific evidence (9)

            RCTInt J Cardiol · 2009

            Magnesium orotate in chronic heart failure

            Stepura OB, Martynow AI

            1-year RCT of Mg orotate in severe CHF.

            Key findings

            Improved survival and clinical symptoms vs placebo.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Magnesium Orotate — Improved 1-year survival in severe heart failure

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Magnesium Orotate Improved 1-year survival in severe heart failure" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Magnesium Orotate and "Improved 1-year survival in severe heart failure". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Magnesium Orotate — Improved exercise tolerance in CAD

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Magnesium Orotate Improved exercise tolerance in CAD" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Magnesium Orotate and "Improved exercise tolerance in CAD". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Magnesium Orotate — randomized controlled trial

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Magnesium Orotate randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Magnesium Orotate and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Magnesium Orotate — meta-analysis

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Magnesium Orotate meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Magnesium Orotate and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Magnesium Orotate — pharmacokinetics

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Magnesium Orotate pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Magnesium Orotate and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Magnesium Orotate — safety adverse events

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Magnesium Orotate safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Magnesium Orotate and "safety adverse events". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Magnesium Orotate — dose response

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Magnesium Orotate dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Magnesium Orotate and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

            Google Scholar: Magnesium Orotate — clinical evidence

            Live Scholar search

            Cross-database citation index for Magnesium Orotate as it relates to "clinical evidence".

            Key findings

            Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

            Open study
            Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.