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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Mineral

Molybdenum (Extra)

Cofactor for sulfite oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

General WellnessLiver Health

Overview

Cofactor for sulfite oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Natural sources
    Common forms

      Forms & variants of Molybdenum

      Different chemical forms of Molybdenum behave differently. Browse each form's mechanism, bioavailability, and best-use context.

      Parent
      Molybdenum

      Trace mineral cofactor for xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase.

      Mechanism of action

      Required by molybdoenzymes that metabolize sulfites, purines, and aldehydes.

      Pathways

        Effects on the body

        Organ system effects

        Evidence-based benefits

        Supports sulfite metabolism in MoCD/SSD

        Strong evidence

        Potential side effects

        Common
          Rare
          • · Gout flare
          Serious

            Drug interactions

            No notable interactions reported.

            Supplement interactions

            Pairs well with

            None listed.

            Avoid combining with

            No specific avoidances listed.

            Dosing & bioavailability

            Typical dose
            75–150 mcg
            With food?
            Either

            Where to buy

            Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

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            Molybdenum (…
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            iHerb
            Global delivery · curated brands
            Mineral
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            Thorne
            Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

            Scientific evidence (8)

            CohortLancet · 2010

            Molybdenum cofactor in MoCD

            Schwarz G, et al.

            Compassionate-use trial in infants with MoCD-A.

            Key findings

            Substrate replacement reduced neurological deterioration.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Molybdenum (Extra) — Supports sulfite metabolism in MoCD/SSD

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Molybdenum (Extra) Supports sulfite metabolism in MoCD/SSD" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum (Extra) and "Supports sulfite metabolism in MoCD/SSD". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Molybdenum (Extra) — randomized controlled trial

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Molybdenum (Extra) randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum (Extra) and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Molybdenum (Extra) — meta-analysis

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Molybdenum (Extra) meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum (Extra) and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Molybdenum (Extra) — pharmacokinetics

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            Live results for "Molybdenum (Extra) pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum (Extra) and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Molybdenum (Extra) — safety adverse events

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Molybdenum (Extra) safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum (Extra) and "safety adverse events". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Molybdenum (Extra) — dose response

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Molybdenum (Extra) dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum (Extra) and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

            Google Scholar: Molybdenum (Extra) — clinical evidence

            Live Scholar search

            Cross-database citation index for Molybdenum (Extra) as it relates to "clinical evidence".

            Key findings

            Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

            Open study
            Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.