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Supplements/Mineral

Molybdenum

Trace mineral cofactor for xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase.

General WellnessLiver Health

Overview

Trace mineral cofactor for xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase.

Natural sources
  • Legumes
  • Whole grains
  • Nuts
Common forms
  • Sodium molybdate
  • Molybdenum glycinate

Forms & variants of Molybdenum

Different chemical forms of Molybdenum behave differently. Browse each form's mechanism, bioavailability, and best-use context.

Glycinate
Molybdenum (Extra)

Cofactor for sulfite oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Mechanism of action

Cofactor (Moco) for xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase.

Pathways
  • · Sulfur metabolism
  • · Purine catabolism

Effects on the body

Supports
Sulfite detoxification

Organ system effects

Evidence-based benefits

Prevents sulfite-induced reactions in deficiency

Moderate evidence

Potential side effects

Common
    Rare
      Serious

        Drug interactions

        No notable interactions reported.

        Supplement interactions

        Pairs well with

        None listed.

        Avoid combining with

        No specific avoidances listed.

        Dosing & bioavailability

        Typical dose
        45 mcg
        Upper safe limit
        2,000 mcg

        Where to buy

        Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

        Mineral
        Molybdenum
        Amazon
        Wide selection · fast shipping
        Mineral
        Molybdenum
        iHerb
        Global delivery · curated brands
        Mineral
        Molybdenum
        Thorne
        Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

        Scientific evidence (8)

        Systematic reviewExamine.com Supplement Database · 2023

        Molybdenum: pharmacology, clinical evidence, and safety — narrative review

        Examine.com Research Team

        Curated narrative review of human and preclinical evidence for Molybdenum, including mechanism, typical dosing, and safety considerations.

        Key findings

        Best-supported outcome: Prevents sulfite-induced reactions in deficiency (evidence: moderate). Additional outcomes and limitations summarized in the full profile.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Molybdenum — Prevents sulfite-induced reactions in deficiency

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Molybdenum Prevents sulfite-induced reactions in deficiency" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum and "Prevents sulfite-induced reactions in deficiency". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Molybdenum — randomized controlled trial

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Molybdenum randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Molybdenum — meta-analysis

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Molybdenum meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Molybdenum — pharmacokinetics

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Molybdenum pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Molybdenum — safety adverse events

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Molybdenum safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum and "safety adverse events". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Molybdenum — dose response

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Molybdenum dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Molybdenum and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

        Google Scholar: Molybdenum — clinical evidence

        Live Scholar search

        Cross-database citation index for Molybdenum as it relates to "clinical evidence".

        Key findings

        Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

        Open study
        Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.