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Vitamin

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin). FAD/FMN precursor central to redox reactions and migraine prophylaxis.

How it works. Forms FAD/FMN, electron carriers in the ETC and many oxidoreductases.

What the research supports. 1 graded claims. Strongest: Reduces migraine frequency at 400 mg/d (moderate).

How much to take. Typical dose: 1.3 mg general; 400 mg/d for migraine prophylaxis.

Side effects and interactions. 1 medication interaction listed. No serious side effects listed at normal doses.

Stacking. Pairs well with Omega-3 (EPA/DHA), Alpha-GPC or CDP-choline.

Forms. 1 forms. Pick one to open its profile.

Key studies. 8 studies cited. The strongest are listed with links to PubMed.

Community. Experiences from people who have tried Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin). Anecdotes are not medical advice.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin). FAD/FMN precursor central to redox reactions and migraine prophylaxis.

Molecular structureC17H20N4O6 · 376.4 g/mol

What it is

FAD/FMN precursor central to redox reactions and migraine prophylaxis.

Food sources

DairyEggsAlmondsLean meat

Goals

Energy ProductionBrain & Cognitive

How it works

Forms FAD/FMN, electron carriers in the ETC and many oxidoreductases.

Pathways

  • Electron transport
  • Folate/B6 activation

Effects

  • +Mitochondrial respiration supports
  • ↓Migraine frequency decreases

What the research supports

Reduces migraine frequency at 400 mg/dmoderate

Strong: consistent results across large trials or meta-analyses. Moderate: several trials, mostly positive. Limited: small or mixed studies. Preclinical: animal or cell research only.

Typical dose
1.3 mg general; 400 mg/d for migraine prophylaxis
TimingConsistent daily timing recommended; split larger doses if GI tolerance is a concern.
With foodWith a meal containing fat for fat-soluble compounds; otherwise either.
Best formMost evidence is based on the riboflavin form.
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Side effects & interactions

Common side effects

  • Bright yellow urine (harmless)

Medication interactions

Prescription medications (general)minor

Always disclose Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) use to your prescriber — additive, antagonistic, or pharmacokinetic interactions are possible.

Check any supplement–medication combination with your pharmacist before starting.

Combines with

Pairs well

  • Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)Membrane fluidity and neuronal signaling support.
  • Alpha-GPC or CDP-cholineProvides choline substrate for acetylcholine synthesis.

Key studies

8 studies cited in total.

PubMed: Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) — Reduces migraine frequency at 400 mg/d ↗
Systematic review · PubMed (NLM) · 2026

Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and "Reduces migraine frequency at 400 mg/d". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

PubMed: Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) — randomized controlled trial ↗
Systematic review · PubMed (NLM) · 2026

Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

PubMed: Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) — meta-analysis ↗
Systematic review · PubMed (NLM) · 2026

Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

Discussion

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