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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Compound

DIM (Diindolylmethane)

aka 3,3'-Diindolylmethane

Cruciferous-vegetable metabolite that shifts estrogen metabolism toward 2-OH (protective) pathways.

Estrogen BalanceHormone OptimizationMen's HealthWomen's HealthHormonal Acne

Overview

Cruciferous-vegetable metabolite that shifts estrogen metabolism toward 2-OH (protective) pathways.

Natural sources
    Common forms

      Mechanism of action

      Modulates cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/CYP1B1) ratio, favoring 2-hydroxyestrone over 16α-hydroxyestrone.

      Pathways
      • · CYP1A1 induction
      • · AhR activation
      • · 2:16 OH-estrone ratio

      Effects on the body

      Decreases
      16α-hydroxyestrone
      Increases
      2-hydroxyestrone

      Organ system effects

      Evidence-based benefits

      Improves 2:16 OH estrogen ratio

      Moderate evidence

      Reduces cyclical mastalgia

      Limited evidence

      Potential side effects

      Common
      • · Dark urine
      • · Headache
      Rare
        Serious

          Drug interactions

          Hormonal contraceptives
          May reduce efficacy via CYP induction.
          moderate

          Safety & non-supplemental interactions

          Educational summary — always confirm with your clinician or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or combining with prescription therapy.

          Avoid with these conditions
          • ·Hormone-sensitive cancers (breast, prostate, ovarian, uterine)
          Avoid / monitor with these medications
          • ·Hormonal contraceptives, HRT, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors

          Supplement interactions

          Pairs well with

          None listed.

          Avoid combining with

          No specific avoidances listed.

          Dosing & bioavailability

          Typical dose
          100–200 mg
          Study range
          Up to 300 mg
          With food?
          With fat

          Where to buy

          Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

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          Thorne
          Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

          Scientific evidence (9)

          RCTCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · 2008

          DIM and estrogen metabolism

          Reed GA, et al.

          30-day RCT of BR-DIM in postmenopausal women.

          Key findings

          Favorable shift in 2-OH/16-OH estrogen ratio.

          Open study
          Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

          PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — Improves 2:16 OH estrogen ratio

          Live PubMed search

          Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) Improves 2:16 OH estrogen ratio" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

          Key findings

          Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "Improves 2:16 OH estrogen ratio". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

          Open study
          Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

          PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — Reduces cyclical mastalgia

          Live PubMed search

          Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) Reduces cyclical mastalgia" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

          Key findings

          Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "Reduces cyclical mastalgia". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

          Open study
          Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

          PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — randomized controlled trial

          Live PubMed search

          Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

          Key findings

          Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

          Open study
          Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

          PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — meta-analysis

          Live PubMed search

          Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

          Key findings

          Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

          Open study
          Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

          PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — pharmacokinetics

          Live PubMed search

          Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

          Key findings

          Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

          Open study
          Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

          PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — safety adverse events

          Live PubMed search

          Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

          Key findings

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          Open study
          Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

          PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — dose response

          Live PubMed search

          Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

          Key findings

          Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

          Open study
          Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

          Google Scholar: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — clinical evidence

          Live Scholar search

          Cross-database citation index for DIM (Diindolylmethane) as it relates to "clinical evidence".

          Key findings

          Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

          Open study
          Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.