Overview
Chamomile/parsley flavonoid — GABA-A modulator and CD38 inhibitor for sleep and NAD+.
- Endogenously produced or biosynthesized molecule
- Standardized pharmaceutical- or food-grade supplement
- Combined with cofactors that improve absorption or activity
- Capsule or softgel
- Powder
- Sublingual or buccal
- Liposomal liquid
Mechanism of action
Positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A α3; inhibits CD38 (NADase) supporting NAD+.
- · GABA-A modulation
- · CD38 inhibition
Effects on the body
Organ system effects
Evidence-based benefits
Reduces anxiety and improves sleep onset
Limited evidencePotential side effects
- · Apigenin is generally well-tolerated at evidence-based doses
- · Mild GI discomfort (nausea, loose stools, or bloating) possible at higher intakes
- · Headache or transient fatigue reported by a small fraction of users
- · Allergic or hypersensitivity reaction (rash, itching, swelling)
- · Sleep disturbance if taken late in the day
- · Discontinue and seek medical advice if symptoms are severe, persistent, or include difficulty breathing
Drug interactions
Supplement interactions
- L-theanineLayered GABA modulation.
No specific avoidances listed.
Dosing & bioavailability
Where to buy
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Scientific evidence8Show studiesHide studies
Chamomile and apigenin for generalized anxiety disorder
Mao JJ, et al.
12-week RCT of chamomile extract (rich in apigenin) in GAD.
Significant reduction in GAD-7 scores.
PubMed: Apigenin — Reduces anxiety and improves sleep onset
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PubMed: Apigenin — randomized controlled trial
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PubMed: Apigenin — meta-analysis
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PubMed: Apigenin — pharmacokinetics
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PubMed: Apigenin — safety adverse events
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PubMed: Apigenin — dose response
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Google Scholar: Apigenin — clinical evidence
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