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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Herb

Silymarin (Milk Thistle)

Silybum marianum flavonolignans for liver.

Liver Health

Overview

Silybum marianum flavonolignans for liver.

Natural sources
    Common forms

      Mechanism of action

      Antioxidant; stabilizes hepatocyte membranes.

      Pathways

        Effects on the body

        Organ system effects

        Evidence-based benefits

        Improves liver enzymes

        Moderate evidence

        Potential side effects

        Common
        • · GI upset
        Rare
          Serious

            Drug interactions

            No notable interactions reported.

            Safety & non-supplemental interactions

            Educational summary — always confirm with your clinician or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or combining with prescription therapy.

            Avoid if you are
            • ·Pregnant or breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)
            • ·Children under 18 (unless directed by a clinician)

            Supplement interactions

            Pairs well with

            None listed.

            Avoid combining with

            No specific avoidances listed.

            Dosing & bioavailability

            Typical dose
            200–600 mg standardized

            Where to buy

            Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

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            Thorne
            Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

            Scientific evidence (8)

            RCTFree Radic Biol Med · 2012

            Silymarin in NAFLD

            Loguercio C, et al.

            138 NAFLD patients

            Key findings

            Improved ALT and steatosis.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Silymarin (Milk Thistle) — Improves liver enzymes

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Silymarin (Milk Thistle) Improves liver enzymes" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Silymarin (Milk Thistle) and "Improves liver enzymes". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Silymarin (Milk Thistle) — randomized controlled trial

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Silymarin (Milk Thistle) randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Silymarin (Milk Thistle) and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Silymarin (Milk Thistle) — meta-analysis

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Silymarin (Milk Thistle) meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Silymarin (Milk Thistle) and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Silymarin (Milk Thistle) — pharmacokinetics

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Silymarin (Milk Thistle) pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Silymarin (Milk Thistle) and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Silymarin (Milk Thistle) — safety adverse events

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Silymarin (Milk Thistle) safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

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            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Silymarin (Milk Thistle) — dose response

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Silymarin (Milk Thistle) dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Silymarin (Milk Thistle) and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

            Google Scholar: Silymarin (Milk Thistle) — clinical evidence

            Live Scholar search

            Cross-database citation index for Silymarin (Milk Thistle) as it relates to "clinical evidence".

            Key findings

            Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

            Open study
            Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.