Overview
Algal carotenoid that is the strongest membrane antioxidant; UV and eye protection.
- Haematococcus pluvialis
- Salmon
- Krill
- Natural astaxanthin
Mechanism of action
Inserts into cell membranes spanning both lipid layers; quenches singlet oxygen.
- · Membrane antioxidant
Effects on the body
Organ system effects
Reduces UV-induced erythema.
Reduces eye fatigue.
Evidence-based benefits
Reduces UV-induced skin damage
Moderate evidenceReduces eye fatigue
Moderate evidencePotential side effects
- · Astaxanthin is generally well-tolerated at evidence-based doses
- · Mild GI discomfort (nausea, loose stools, or bloating) possible at higher intakes
- · Headache or transient fatigue reported by a small fraction of users
- · Allergic or hypersensitivity reaction (rash, itching, swelling)
- · Sleep disturbance if taken late in the day
- · Discontinue and seek medical advice if symptoms are severe, persistent, or include difficulty breathing
Drug interactions
Supplement interactions
- Collagen peptidesProvides amino acid substrate for connective tissue synthesis.
- Vitamin CRequired cofactor for collagen hydroxylation.
- NAD+ precursor (NMN or NR)Complementary mitochondrial and sirtuin support.
No specific avoidances listed.
Dosing & bioavailability
Where to buy
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Scientific evidence9Show studiesHide studies
MSM for osteoarthritis pain
Brien S, et al.
Review of MSM RCTs in OA.
Reduced pain and improved physical function at 3–6 g/d.
PubMed: Astaxanthin — Reduces UV-induced skin damage
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PubMed: Astaxanthin — Reduces eye fatigue
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PubMed: Astaxanthin — randomized controlled trial
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PubMed: Astaxanthin — meta-analysis
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PubMed: Astaxanthin — pharmacokinetics
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PubMed: Astaxanthin — safety adverse events
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PubMed: Astaxanthin — dose response
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Google Scholar: Astaxanthin — clinical evidence
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