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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Compound

DIM (Diindolylmethane)

Cruciferous-derived compound modulating estrogen metabolism toward 2-OH pathway.

Hormone OptimizationWomen's HealthMen's Health

Overview

Cruciferous-derived compound modulating estrogen metabolism toward 2-OH pathway.

Natural sources
  • Cruciferous vegetables (via I3C)
Common forms
  • DIM standardized
  • BR-DIM (bioavailable)

Mechanism of action

Modulates CYP1A1/1B1 ratio favoring 2-hydroxyestrone metabolism.

Pathways
  • · Estrogen 2-OH pathway
Hormones
  • · Estradiol metabolites

Effects on the body

Supports
Favorable estrogen metabolism

Organ system effects

Reproductive

Studied in cervical dysplasia and ER+ breast cancer.

Evidence-based benefits

Modulates estrogen metabolism

Moderate evidence

Improves cervical dysplasia regression

Limited evidence

Potential side effects

Common
  • · Headache
  • · Dark urine (harmless)
Rare
    Serious

      Drug interactions

      Tamoxifen / hormone therapy
      Estrogen metabolism interaction.
      moderate
      CYP3A4 substrates
      Induces CYP1A2.
      moderate

      Supplement interactions

      Pairs well with

      None listed.

      Avoid combining with

      No specific avoidances listed.

      Dosing & bioavailability

      Typical dose
      100–200 mg/d

      Where to buy

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      Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

      Scientific evidence (9)

      RCTCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · 2008

      DIM and estrogen metabolism

      Reed GA, et al.

      30-day RCT of BR-DIM in postmenopausal women.

      Key findings

      Favorable shift in 2-OH/16-OH estrogen ratio.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — Modulates estrogen metabolism

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) Modulates estrogen metabolism" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "Modulates estrogen metabolism". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — Improves cervical dysplasia regression

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) Improves cervical dysplasia regression" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "Improves cervical dysplasia regression". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — randomized controlled trial

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — meta-analysis

      Live PubMed search

      Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — pharmacokinetics

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      Live results for "DIM (Diindolylmethane) pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — safety adverse events

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      Open study
      Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

      PubMed: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — dose response

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      Key findings

      Opens current human and preclinical literature matching DIM (Diindolylmethane) and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

      Open study
      Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

      Google Scholar: DIM (Diindolylmethane) — clinical evidence

      Live Scholar search

      Cross-database citation index for DIM (Diindolylmethane) as it relates to "clinical evidence".

      Key findings

      Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

      Open study
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