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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Compound

Cranberry (PAC-A)

Type-A proanthocyanidins prevent E. coli adhesion to bladder epithelium.

Bladder HealthInfection Support

Overview

Type-A proanthocyanidins prevent E. coli adhesion to bladder epithelium.

Natural sources
    Common forms

      Mechanism of action

      PAC-A blocks P-fimbriae adhesion to urothelium.

      Pathways

        Effects on the body

        Organ system effects

        Evidence-based benefits

        Reduces recurrent UTI ~30% in women

        Moderate evidence

        Potential side effects

        Common
          Rare
          • · Kidney stones (oxalate)
          Serious

            Drug interactions

            Warfarin
            Possible INR rise (mixed evidence).
            moderate

            Supplement interactions

            Pairs well with

            None listed.

            Avoid combining with

            No specific avoidances listed.

            Dosing & bioavailability

            Typical dose
            36 mg PAC-A/d
            With food?
            Optional

            Where to buy

            Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

            Compound
            Cranberry (P…
            Amazon
            Wide selection · fast shipping
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            iHerb
            Global delivery · curated brands
            Compound
            Cranberry (P…
            Thorne
            Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

            Scientific evidence (8)

            Meta-analysisCochrane Database · 2023

            Cranberry products for prevention of UTI

            Jepson RG, et al.

            Updated Cochrane review of cranberry in UTI prevention.

            Key findings

            Reduced UTI recurrence in susceptible populations.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Cranberry (PAC-A) — Reduces recurrent UTI ~30% in women

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Cranberry (PAC-A) Reduces recurrent UTI ~30% in women" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Cranberry (PAC-A) and "Reduces recurrent UTI ~30% in women". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Cranberry (PAC-A) — randomized controlled trial

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Cranberry (PAC-A) randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Cranberry (PAC-A) and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Cranberry (PAC-A) — meta-analysis

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Cranberry (PAC-A) meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Cranberry (PAC-A) and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Cranberry (PAC-A) — pharmacokinetics

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Cranberry (PAC-A) pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Cranberry (PAC-A) and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Cranberry (PAC-A) — safety adverse events

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Cranberry (PAC-A) safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Cranberry (PAC-A) and "safety adverse events". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: Cranberry (PAC-A) — dose response

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "Cranberry (PAC-A) dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Cranberry (PAC-A) and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

            Google Scholar: Cranberry (PAC-A) — clinical evidence

            Live Scholar search

            Cross-database citation index for Cranberry (PAC-A) as it relates to "clinical evidence".

            Key findings

            Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

            Open study
            Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.