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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Peptide

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Mitochondrial-targeted peptide for cardiolipin protection.

Cardiovascular HealthHealthy Aging

Overview

Mitochondrial-targeted peptide for cardiolipin protection.

Natural sources
    Common forms

      Mechanism of action

      Binds cardiolipin, stabilizes mitochondrial cristae.

      Pathways

        Effects on the body

        Organ system effects

        Evidence-based benefits

        Improves mitochondrial function

        Moderate evidence

        Potential side effects

        Common
        • · Injection site reactions
        Rare
          Serious

            Drug interactions

            No notable interactions reported.

            Safety & non-supplemental interactions

            Educational summary — always confirm with your clinician or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or combining with prescription therapy.

            Avoid if you are
            • ·Pregnant or breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)
            • ·Children under 18 (unless directed by a clinician)
            Other notes
            • ·Most research peptides are not FDA-approved for human use outside investigational protocols.

            Supplement interactions

            Pairs well with

            None listed.

            Avoid combining with

            No specific avoidances listed.

            Dosing & bioavailability

            Typical dose
            40 mg subcutaneous

            Where to buy

            Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

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            Thorne
            Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

            Scientific evidence (8)

            RCTCirc Heart Fail · 2017

            Elamipretide in heart failure

            Daubert MA, et al.

            HFrEF patients

            Key findings

            Improved LV end-systolic volume.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: SS-31 (Elamipretide) — Improves mitochondrial function

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "SS-31 (Elamipretide) Improves mitochondrial function" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching SS-31 (Elamipretide) and "Improves mitochondrial function". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: SS-31 (Elamipretide) — randomized controlled trial

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "SS-31 (Elamipretide) randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching SS-31 (Elamipretide) and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: SS-31 (Elamipretide) — meta-analysis

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "SS-31 (Elamipretide) meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching SS-31 (Elamipretide) and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: SS-31 (Elamipretide) — pharmacokinetics

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "SS-31 (Elamipretide) pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching SS-31 (Elamipretide) and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: SS-31 (Elamipretide) — safety adverse events

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "SS-31 (Elamipretide) safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching SS-31 (Elamipretide) and "safety adverse events". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

            PubMed: SS-31 (Elamipretide) — dose response

            Live PubMed search

            Live results for "SS-31 (Elamipretide) dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

            Key findings

            Opens current human and preclinical literature matching SS-31 (Elamipretide) and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

            Open study
            Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

            Google Scholar: SS-31 (Elamipretide) — clinical evidence

            Live Scholar search

            Cross-database citation index for SS-31 (Elamipretide) as it relates to "clinical evidence".

            Key findings

            Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

            Open study
            Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.