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evidence · mechanism · dose
Supplements/Herb

Pomegranate

aka Punicalagin · Urolithin A

Polyphenol-rich fruit converted by gut microbes to urolithin A (mitochondrial benefit).

Cardiovascular HealthHealthy AgingLibido & Sexual Health

Overview

Polyphenol-rich fruit converted by gut microbes to urolithin A (mitochondrial benefit).

Natural sources
  • Punica granatum
Common forms
  • Juice
  • Punicalagin standardized
  • Urolithin A direct

Mechanism of action

Punicalagins are converted to urolithin A, inducing mitophagy.

Pathways
  • · Mitophagy
  • · Antioxidant

Effects on the body

Supports
Endothelial function
Supports
Mitochondrial health

Organ system effects

Cardiovascular

Reduces carotid IMT progression.

Evidence-based benefits

Improves endothelial function & carotid IMT

Moderate evidence

Improves muscle endurance (urolithin A)

Moderate evidence

Potential side effects

Common
    Rare
      Serious

        Drug interactions

        Warfarin
        Mild CYP2C9 inhibition.
        moderate

        Safety & non-supplemental interactions

        Educational summary — always confirm with your clinician or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or combining with prescription therapy.

        Avoid if you are
        • ·Pregnant or breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)
        • ·Children under 18 (unless directed by a clinician)
        Avoid with these conditions
        • ·Bleeding disorders
        Avoid / monitor with these medications
        • ·Warfarin, DOACs, antiplatelets, NSAIDs (additive bleeding risk)
        Before surgery
        • ·Discuss stopping ≥2 weeks before scheduled surgery.

        Supplement interactions

        Pairs well with

        None listed.

        Avoid combining with

        No specific avoidances listed.

        Dosing & bioavailability

        Typical dose
        240 mL juice or 500 mg punicalagins; 500 mg urolithin A

        Where to buy

        Affiliate-style search links to reputable retailers. We don't endorse specific brands — verify third-party testing (USP, NSF, Informed Sport) before purchase.

        Herb
        Pomegranate
        Amazon
        Wide selection · fast shipping
        Herb
        Pomegranate
        iHerb
        Global delivery · curated brands
        Herb
        Pomegranate
        Thorne
        Practitioner-grade · NSF tested

        Scientific evidence (9)

        RCTClin Nutr · 2004

        Pomegranate juice on carotid intima-media thickness

        Aviram M, et al.

        3-year trial of pomegranate juice in patients with carotid stenosis.

        Key findings

        Reduced carotid IMT by up to 30% and lowered BP.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Pomegranate — Improves endothelial function & carotid IMT

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Pomegranate Improves endothelial function & carotid IMT" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Pomegranate and "Improves endothelial function & carotid IMT". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Pomegranate — Improves muscle endurance

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Pomegranate Improves muscle endurance" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Pomegranate and "Improves muscle endurance". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Pomegranate — randomized controlled trial

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Pomegranate randomized controlled trial" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Pomegranate and "randomized controlled trial". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Pomegranate — meta-analysis

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Pomegranate meta-analysis" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Pomegranate and "meta-analysis". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Pomegranate — pharmacokinetics

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Pomegranate pharmacokinetics" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Pomegranate and "pharmacokinetics". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Pomegranate — safety adverse events

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Pomegranate safety adverse events" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Pomegranate and "safety adverse events". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewPubMed (NLM) · 1970

        PubMed: Pomegranate — dose response

        Live PubMed search

        Live results for "Pomegranate dose response" across the PubMed/MEDLINE peer-reviewed index.

        Key findings

        Opens current human and preclinical literature matching Pomegranate and "dose response". Filter by RCT, meta-analysis, or year on the results page.

        Open study
        Systematic reviewGoogle Scholar · 1970

        Google Scholar: Pomegranate — clinical evidence

        Live Scholar search

        Cross-database citation index for Pomegranate as it relates to "clinical evidence".

        Key findings

        Includes preprints, theses, and journal articles. Useful for tracking citation counts and follow-on work.

        Open study
        Educational use only. This profile is not medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you take prescription medication or have a chronic condition.